Large scale Polish immigration grew after the first group of Polish immigrants arrived in Panna Maria, Texas in 1854. So Poles appear in the 1860 US Census and each one thereafter. Familysearch.org now lets you edit names in all the US census indexes. This is a fairly recent development (as of this update in July 2021) since for some census years, editing had not been allowed.

This is an explanation of the history of how the Dziennik Chicagoski death index came to be and the changes it has undergone.

I noticed that many of the early settlers of Panna Maria, Texas were added to the FamilySeach Family Tree but that the 1860 US Census was not attached to very many of them as a source. I began viewing the 1860 census records for Karnes County in which Panna Maria is located. I downloaded the index into a spreadsheet and deleted people who were not of Polish descent. I began to see why the census was not attached to very many people-- the index was not particularly useful. I've included the index here. Perhaps you can figure out the correct spellings of the names.

Polish, like most European languages including English, is based on the Latin alphabet. To represent additional sounds, some of the letters get modified to create new letters. The new letters pretty much look like their unmodified forms. In Polish, these additional letters are: ąćęłńóśźż. How does one alphabetize the new letters? The Polish alphabetization rule (also called a collation) is to place the new letters after the unmodified form. So the Polish alphabetical order is: aąbcćdeęfghijklłmnńoóprsśtuwyzźż.

This parish is significant because some of its residents emigrated to the United States in the 1850s and established the first Polish settlement in the US (in Texas).

The Prussian Province of Poznań had 2 administrative districts, Poznań and Bydgoszcz. The Poznań district had 28 powiaty (counties) and Bydgoszcz had 14 powiaty. The value of this gazetteer is that it gives both Polish and German names of locales which can help you locate them on a map. The gazetteer also gives the Catholic parish for the locale.

The Illustrated Geographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Poland (or in Polish Atlas geograficzny illustrowany Królestwa Polskiego), published by J M Bazewicz in 1907, may be useful for finding towns in the Russian partition of Poland. The atlas is broken down by powiat which is fine if you happen to know which one to look at. Many records we encounter do not include that information. This combined index lets you look for a town without knowing the powiat.

This gazetteer of the Republic of Poland from 1933 is valuable because it is a single resource for all of Poland back then. Prior to the restoration of the Polish state, you often needed a different gazetteer specific for the partition you were working in. Furthermore, modern gazetteers do not include the eastern territory that was taken from Poland after World War II. This gazetteer includes the parish that a locality belonged to so you know where to looks for parish records.

If you have used Family Tree at familysearch.org, you know how great it is to have potential sources found for you to evaluate. Sometimes it takes a bit of prodding to get it to find new sources. Here's a couple of examples of how I did this today.

As of about mid-July 2019, the Family Tree of familysearch.org has added a feature which allows you to edit some of the names in their indexes of various record collections. This has been a desirable feature for a long time since many names were badly indexed either due to bad information in the original document, bad writing of correct information, or bad indexing (the indexer did not have the skill to read Polish names). When you edit a name, you are asked if it was an indexing problem or if the original document was incorrect.